Policy and Legal

Washington, D.C. – America’s broken permitting system is costing manufacturers in America $7.9 billion each year, according to a new report released today by the National Association of Manufacturers and the Foundation for American Innovation—underscoring the urgent need for bipartisan, comprehensive permitting reform to strengthen America’s economic and national security. The findings highlight how widespread and complex federal permitting requirements have become, with manufacturers most commonly citing Clean Water Act permits (required for 82.1% of projects) and Clean Air Act permits (required for 72.6% of projects)—the latter noted as the most burdensome approval process.

The new report, “America on Hold: How Permitting Delays Stall Manufacturing Progress,” draws from a recent joint survey of manufacturers conducted between Dec. 9, 2025, and Jan. 15, 2026, examining the types of projects companies are pursuing, the permits they most frequently require, where uncertainty and regulatory complexity create challenges and which reforms would have the greatest impact. The findings reveal a permitting system that hits manufacturers hardest where they operate most often: routine upgrades, expansions and ongoing operations.

“Manufacturers are investing across America, but permitting roadblocks are holding projects back,” said NAM President and CEO Jay Timmons. “It takes the U.S. up to 80% longer than our peer nations to move projects forward. Manufacturers want ribbon cuttings, not red tape—that means modernizing our laws to streamline regulations and eliminate duplicative reviews and a regulatory regime to support timely permitting and give manufacturers the certainty to invest, build and create jobs.”

From the NAM’s survey to manufacturers:

• 50.8% say permitting concerns discourage investment in new or expanded capacity.
• 65.6% would increase U.S. investment if permitting timelines were shorter and more predictable.
• The most common permitted activities are facility expansions and equipment upgrades, not megaprojects.

Until now, consolidated research demonstrating the full economic impact of the federal permitting system on manufacturing investment has been limited—largely due to the sheer number of laws and regulations governing permits, as well as the absence of a centralized federal repository of permitting data. The NAM–FAI report addresses that gap by combining publicly available permitting data with original industry survey results to provide one of the most comprehensive views to date on the cost of permitting for manufacturers.

The full report can be read here.

Methodology:

Using external and survey data, the NAM–FAI findings estimate that over the past 10 years, the U.S. manufacturing sector has incurred an average annual permitting burden of $7.9 billion+. To calculate, unit costs are derived by multiplying the 10-year federal permit counts with the total out-of-pocket and indirect costs of the permitting process, as detailed in the bullets below.

• The federal count of applications and final permits obtained by manufacturers over the past 10 years, categorized by permit type (i.e., NEPA, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, etc.)
• Out-of-pocket costs that include application fees, consultants, legal expenses and more from project delays
• Delays created by indirect costs, such as carrying costs, lost revenue from pushing back project initiation, inventory and contract impacts

-NAM- 

The National Association of Manufacturers is the largest manufacturing association in the United States, representing small and large manufacturers in every industrial sector and in all 50 states. Manufacturing employs nearly 13 million men and women, contributes $2.95 trillion to the U.S. economy annually and accounts for 53% of private-sector research and development. The NAM is the powerful voice of the manufacturing community and the leading advocate for a policy agenda that helps manufacturers compete in the global economy and create jobs across the United States. For more information about the NAM or to follow us on Twitter and Facebook, please visit www.nam.org.

Featured Quotes from Chairman Bruce Westerman and Manufacturing Leaders

“The federal permitting process is broken, and this report confirms what we already know: clarity and certainty must return to the process to jumpstart projects, end duplicative reviews, reform judicial review processes and boost project investments in the United States. My bipartisan SPEED Act will tackle these issues to let America build again, so we can remain a global leader across all industries, including manufacturing.” – House Committee on Natural Resources Chairman Bruce Westerman (R-Ark.)

“Regulatory uncertainty is one of the most significant hurdles our customers face as they consider placing new equipment orders with Husco. Permitting delays and denials can derail projects that enhance our economy and provide family-sustaining jobs for workers. A comprehensive effort to streamline the permitting process would represent a significant step forward. Common-sense reforms to the National Environmental Policy Act are just one example of many that would help expedite new investment. We fully support NAM’s ongoing and important efforts in this area.” – Austin Ramirez, President and CEO of Husco and NAM Small and Medium Manufacturers Group Vice Chair

“At Nucor, permitting delays are not abstract—they directly affect our ability to invest, build, and create good paying manufacturing jobs in America. We have experienced firsthand how reviews under NEPA and related permitting requirements can add months to project timelines and significantly increase costs, even for projects with strong environmental performance and local support. Modernizing NEPA to provide clearer timelines, better interagency coordination, and a more predictable review process, including a greater role for states with appropriate federal oversight, would strengthen American manufacturing while maintaining robust environmental protections.”  – Ben Pickett, Executive Vice President of Business Services, Nucor Corporation

“Projects that strengthen our energy system can face years of unnecessary delays under the current NEPA framework. Uncertain timelines, duplicative reviews, overly expansive analyses, and lengthy litigation can stall or even cancel critical infrastructure. Modernizing NEPA is a critical step toward providing greater certainty for developers and communities so we can deliver the energy needed to support American jobs, strengthen supply chains, and keep energy affordable for families and businesses.” – Toby Z Rice, President and CEO, EQT

We were the first mining project covered under the federal government’s FAST-41 permitting program in 2024. From start to finish the process will take just over two years. We have seen the benefits that streamlining and coordinating federal efforts under NEPA provides to projects like Hermosa. When there is a collective will to support a project needed for national security, the resources are put in place to ensure the defined timeline milestones are met with the same, if not more, amount of rigor and efficiency. By responsibly modernizing NEPA in a bipartisan manner, more critical projects can move forward to support communities, provide jobs, and deliver for America” – Pat Risner, President, Hermosa Project, South32

“The recent NEPA reforms are solid first step towards modernizing the permitting process. However, there is much more we can do to remove the bureaucracy that is not providing value. We don’t have time to waste if our energy infrastructure is going to keep pace with the AI boom. If we can create more predictability in permitting, the results will include more stability, greater speed, and lower costs.” – Ryan Lindsey, Executive Vice President of Government Relations, CRH Americas