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Howmet Aerospace Vice President of Procurement Gina Govojdean never doubted that she would have a career in manufacturing.

• “I was always interested in manufacturing, because I was drawn to the idea of making things that matter,” she said.

Govojdean’s breadth of experience within the industry has shaped the leader she is today—from her first internship at what was then Alcoa Inc. to more than a decade of leadership in procurement, internal audit, operations and plant management.

The beginning: Govojdean’s early career in procurement gave her a chance to hone her negotiation skills. But it wasn’t long before she asked herself: how do I compete with colleagues who have decades more experience? Her answer: diversify. After four years working in procurement, she moved into an internal audit role—a position traditionally held by accountants.

• “I saw it as an opportunity,” said Govojdean. “The internal audit team travels, and that was the first lens for me that showed I could get closer to the plants that make things. I’d see all these processes and all these operations. I decided to diversify my skill set—and that became a key theme for me.”

Learning on the job: Govojdean has held 13 roles in 13 years—each one helping her grow and get closer to the action on the factory floor.

• “Stepping away and diversifying what I was able to experience really made me a much better leader,” said Govojdean.

Lots of opportunity: Her experiences in different areas demonstrate the wide range of opportunities that are available in manufacturing, and she’s enthusiastic about encouraging others to join the industry.

• “There are so many different functions and so many important people when it comes to making something—there’s something for everyone,” said Govojdean. “It’s something that’s special about manufacturing, and something that should draw in the kind of people who chase opportunities and want different experiences. It’s there. Sometimes you just have to raise your hand and say ‘yes.’”

Leading the field: Govojdean is grateful to the mentors who have encouraged her throughout her career—and as a leader in manufacturing herself, she’s enthusiastic about mentoring others.

• “It’s a fast-paced environment, and things really need to go right when you’re serving such a critical customer base—but being tough and kind is not mutually exclusive,” said Govojdean. “You can lead with grit while also being kind.”
• “Really believing in people and empowering them—that’s one of the most rewarding things about being in manufacturing leadership.”

Gaining recognition: Thanks to her passion for manufacturing, her dedication to mentorship and her relentless pursuit of excellence, Govojdean was named a 2025 Women MAKE Awards (now STEP Ahead Awards) Honoree by the Manufacturing Institute. The awards honor 130 individuals who have achieved excellence in the manufacturing industry, everywhere from the shop floor to the C-suite, helping the next generation see themselves in modern manufacturing careers.

Filling a need: At a time when manufacturing faces a significant employment gap—with an estimated 3.8 million positions needing to be filled by 2033—Govojdean sees the breadth of opportunity as the industry’s strong suit.

• “I see every day as an opportunity to challenge outdated perceptions around the manufacturing workforce and open doors to others,” said Govojdean. “This field thrives when diverse voices are part of the conversation.”

Looking to the future: As manufacturing continues to evolve, leaders like Govojdean show what’s possible when talent meets opportunity. Her journey is a reminder that this industry doesn’t just build products; it builds careers, leaders and futures. And as the next generation looks to make an impact, manufacturing is ready for them.

Get involved: Do you know someone like Govojdean who is making an outsized impact on the manufacturing industry? If so, you can nominate your peer or colleague for the 2026 STEP Ahead Awards here.

Last week, President Trump issued a proclamation imposing a new filing fee for H-1B visa petitions.

What’s going on: The Department of Homeland Security will require a new $100,000 fee for H-1B visa applications. The proclamation went into effect at 12:01 a.m. on Sunday, Sept. 21.

• H-1B visas are issued typically for highly skilled foreign workers in high-demand fields and allow them to work in the United States for three years.
• By statute, there are 65,000 H-1B visas available each year, plus an additional 20,000 visas for foreign professionals with advanced degrees from U.S. universities. Each year, the number of applications received from employers far exceeds the number of visas available.

What it means: The White House clarified that current H-1B visa holders are not affected by the fee, which applies only to new H-1B visa applicants. Companies will be expected to remit the $100,000 fee as a one-time payment to accompany their petitions. It will go into effect in the upcoming 2026 lottery cycle.

• Those who already hold H-1B visas who happen to be outside the U.S. will not be charged a fee to reenter. H-1B visa holders can leave and reenter the country as they normally would have prior to the proclamation.
• The proclamation will be in effect for 12 months, though the proclamation states that it could be extended or renewed.
• Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick emphasized that the new fee would ensure corporations “hire Americans and make sure the people that come into the country are top, top people.”

The NAM says: “Our industry relies on programs like H-1B to expand our workforce, fuel innovation and accelerate investment in AI and advanced manufacturing,” said NAM Vice President of Domestic Policy Jake Kuhns. “With more than 400,000 open jobs across the sector, manufacturers must have access to the talent needed to strengthen manufacturing in the U.S.—a priority of President Trump.”

The Manufacturing Institute’s recent Heroes MAKE America ‘Military to Manufacturing’ Career Fair at Fort Bragg in North Carolina highlighted Johnson & Johnson’s commitment to helping our nation’s heroes.

What’s going on: The day’s event, which also comprised an employer spotlight and was held last Thursday on the 107-year-old military base, delivered on HMA’s mission: connecting military members seeking jobs with national and regional manufacturers looking for talent. More than 20 employers attended, hoping to recruit top talent.

• Since launching in 2018, Heroes MAKE America—an initiative of the NAM’s 501(c)3 workforce development and education affiliate, the Manufacturing Institute—has exposed nearly 50,000 participants searching for their next manufacturing careers through training and events.
• Johnson & Johnson Chief Technical Operations and Risk Officer and NAM Board chair and MI board member Kathy Wengel was on hand to give remarks to the audience, which consisted of HMA alumni, future class participants, active duty and transitioning military members, veterans, military spouses and state and military leadership.
• Wengel was joined by MI President and Executive Director Carolyn Lee, NAM President and CEO Jay Timmons, who serves as Chair of the MI’s Board, Johnson & Johnson Wilson plant manager and U.S. Army veteran Pete Goodridge, and North Carolina Department of Military and Veterans Affairs General Counsel Jimmie Bellamy.

Manufacturing needs you: A common theme among the manufacturing leaders’ remarks was the still-high number of open (and rewarding) jobs in the industry—currently at about 400,000.

• “We want even more people from across the nation to join this industry,” Lee told the crowd. “The skills you bring as transitioning service members—leadership, discipline, problem-solving, teamwork, technical expertise and more—are exactly what manufacturers are looking for. That’s what today is all about: connecting you with companies eager to meet you and that value your experience.”

Investing in the state—and the military: Timmons talked about the groundbreaking earlier this year of J&J’s new biologics facility in Wilson, North Carolina, as well as the health company’s announcement of its intention to invest $55 billion in U.S. manufacturing over the next four years.

• “That investment sends a powerful signal about the opportunities in store for those considering this career path,” Timmons added.
• Added Wengel, “In addition to our partnership with Heroes MAKE America, we have several initiatives at J&J to support military hires and the military community as a whole.”
• Through the Veteran’s Leadership Council, the group gives its workforce access to mentors and volunteers, leadership and development opportunities. It also has a strong military leave policy, which provides full pay and benefits to activated employees for up to three years. J&J partners with leading veterans service organizations to offer a wide range of services to veterans and their families.

Why Heroes? Heroes MAKE America—which has a Skillbridge Certified Logistics Technician course in partnership with Fayetteville Technical Community College, near Fort Bragg  also offers in-person and virtual training programs nationwide to assist veterans and transitioning military members in earning industry recognized certifications and skills needed in modern manufacturing.

• These include courses in manufacturing operations, industrial system maintenance, automation and robotics, and aviation maintenance.
• “These programs don’t just train you,” Lee told the audience. “They open doors.”
• More than 500 companies in 49 states have hired HMA graduates at salaries exceeding $72,000. The program has a 96% graduation rate and a 92% placement rate.

Dive deeper: Learn more about how your company can get involved with Heroes MAKE America here.

The NAM urged the Supreme Court to allow a lawsuit against energy manufacturers to proceed in federal court instead of state court, arguing that they were operating as federal contractors at the time of the actions at issue.

Why it matters: Preserving federal officer removal jurisdiction—i.e., the requirement that suits against contractors operating on the government’s behalf take place in federal court—is a crucial protection for businesses that work with the government, the NAM argued in its amicus brief in Chevron U.S.A., Inc. et al. v. Plaquemines Parish, et al.

• Without the guarantee of federal court jurisdiction, federal contractors may be hesitant to take on work that is nationally important but unpopular in certain states.

The background: During World War II, several oil companies obtained federal contracts to refine oil along the Louisiana coast.

• Decades later, these companies were sued in state court by several Louisiana municipalities that sought damages for the drilling’s impact on the coastal environment.

Whose turf? The case was removed to a federal court, as the companies were acting as government contractors when they undertook the drilling.

• The municipalities appealed the change of venue, however, and the Fifth Circuit upheld their appeal—wrongly, as the NAM has charged in a series of amicus briefs.

Bad reasoning: The Fifth Circuit held that for the federal officer removal statute to apply, federal contracts must contain an explicit “directive” from a federal officer, such that parties to the contract are “acting under” the officer.

SCOTUS involved: The case has been on a merry-go-round of appeals and remands, finally resulting in the defendant oil companies seeking U.S. Supreme Court review.

• The Supreme Court granted certiorari in June—giving the NAM the opportunity to file its sixth brief in defense of manufacturers performing work on the government’s behalf.

The NAM’s argument: In its latest brief, the NAM argued that federal contractors have long relied on the protection of the federal officer removal statute when contracting with the government.

• The Fifth Circuit’s “contractual directive” reasoning takes an unjustifiably narrow view of the statute, which is intended to apply to all work “related to” a federal contract, the NAM charged.

Administration agrees: The Department of Justice also filed an amicus brief in the case, supporting the NAM’s position and asserting that the oil production at issue was connected closely to aviation fuel refining efforts for the U.S. military.

Continued advocacy: Through the Manufacturers’ Accountability Project, the NAM is making sure courts uphold long-standing legal protections that enable manufacturers to serve the national interest without fear of politically motivated lawsuits.

Building permits declined 3.7% in August and 11.1% over the year. Permits for single-family homes in August decreased 2.2% from July and 11.5% over the year. Meanwhile, permits for buildings with five or more units dropped 6.7% from July and 10.8% over the year.

In August, housing starts declined 8.5% from July and 6% from August 2024. Starts for single-family homes fell 7% from July and 11.7% over the year. Meanwhile, buildings with five or more units dropped 11% over the month but jumped 15.8% over the year.

Meanwhile, housing completions increased 8.4% over the month but decreased by the same percentage over the year. Single-family home completions gained 6.7% from July and 5.6% from August 2024. Completions for buildings with five or more units grew 10.8% over the month but plunged 28.7% from one year ago.

The Federal Open Market Committee lowered its interest rate target range by 25 basis points to 4.00%–4.25% at its September meeting. In a change to its previous statement, the FOMC noted that job gains have slowed, and the unemployment rate has edged up. At the same time, inflation has moved up. Nonetheless, the committee judged that downside risks to employment have risen, which has shifted the balance of risks and provided support for the decision to lower its interest rate target. One FOMC member, Stephen Miran, dissented, desiring to lower the target range by 50 basis points.

In the press conference following the meeting, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell noted that job gains have slowed significantly, likely due to both lower immigration and lower labor force participation. Chairman Powell also noted that in recent months, goods inflation has picked up due to tariffs, while it has moved down for services.

The FOMC’s summary of economic projections, which maps out the Federal Reserve’s expectations for where interest rates may be headed in the future, signaled a more dovish stance than the June summary. Six Federal Reserve officials project there will be no additional rate cuts in 2025, while nine anticipate an additional 50 basis points worth of cuts in 2025. Furthermore, the projections show that officials expect inflation to remain elevated for longer than they expected in June. On the other hand, the projections show officials expect real GDP to rise more in 2025 than previously anticipated.

U.S. import prices rose 0.3% in August, after advancing 0.2% in July, with higher nonfuel import prices driving the increase. Over the past year, import prices stayed the same. Meanwhile, U.S. export prices stepped up 0.3% in August, with nonagricultural export prices driving the increase. Over the past year, export prices climbed 3.4%, the largest over-the-year rise since December 2022.

In August, U.S. import prices for manufacturing rose 0.2% over the year, but with significant divergences in prices across the industry. Petroleum and coal products manufacturing experienced the most significant over-the-year U.S. import price declines in August, falling 14.6%. On the other hand, the greatest yearly increase in U.S. import prices occurred in primary metal manufacturing, which advanced 11.3% from August 2024. Meanwhile, U.S. export prices for manufacturing in August grew 3.3% over the year, with primary metal manufacturing export prices exhibiting the largest rise (27%).

Fuel import prices decreased 0.8% over the month in August, following a 2.5% increase in July. Lower prices for petroleum and natural gas drove the decline, falling 0.2% and 13.2%, respectively. Over the past year, fuel import prices have fallen 10.1%. Import petroleum prices dropped 10.7% over the year in August, while natural gas prices surged 43.5% over that period. Nonfuel import prices rose 0.4% in August, the largest increase since April 2024. Higher prices for consumer goods, nonfuel industrial supplies, capital goods and automotives more than offset lower prices for foods, feeds and beverages. Nonfuel import prices increased 0.9% on an over-the-year basis.

After declining 0.2% in July, agriculture export prices stayed the same in August. Over the past 12 months, agriculture export prices advanced 5.1%. Meanwhile, nonagricultural export prices rose 0.3% in August. Higher prices for consumer goods, nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, capital goods and automotives drove the increase. Over the past year, nonagricultural export prices jumped 3.2%, the largest over-the-year increase since December 2022.

Manufacturing activity in New York state declined in September for the first time since June, with the headline general business conditions index falling nearly 21 points to -8.7. The new orders index plummeted 35 points to -19.6, while the shipments index dropped nearly 30 points to -17.3, the lowest levels for both indexes since April 2024, indicating significant reductions in orders and shipments. Unfilled orders decreased further, from -5.5 to -6.9, while inventories increased 1.5 points to -4.9 in September, indicating that business inventories continue to shrink but at a slightly slower pace. Delivery times stayed the same, but supply availability slipped 3.3 points to -8.8.

Employment declined slightly in September, with the index for the number of employees coming in at -1.2. Meanwhile, the average employee workweek dipped to -5.1 from 0.2 in August, signaling a modest drop in hours worked. The prices paid index fell 8 points to 46.1 while the prices received index also moderated slightly, declining 1.3 points to 21.6, a reflection of a slower pace of increase for prices received and prices paid.

Firms’ optimism regarding the future remained positive but subdued in September. The future business activity index stepped down 1.2 points to 14.8. In the next six months, new orders are still expected to increase, and at roughly the same pace anticipated last month, clocking in at 16.6. The future employment index fell to 1.2, suggesting that employment levels are not expected to grow meaningfully over the next six months. Input prices are expected to still climb but at a slower pace, falling from 64.2 to 57.8. On the other hand, selling price expectations ticked up 1.8 points to 43.1. Capital spending plans remained soft, falling 3 points to -3.9.

In September, Philadelphia’s regional manufacturing activity expanded notably following weakness in August. Rising from -0.3 to 23.2, the index for current general business activity recorded its highest reading since January. Just 16.7% of firms reported decreases in activity this month, while 39.9% noted increases. The indexes for new orders and shipments both improved, rising from -1.9 to 12.4 and from 4.5 to 26.1, respectively. Meanwhile, the employment index was little changed at 5.6, but the average employee workweek index rose 10.2 points to 14.9.

The prices paid index fell from 66.8 to 46.8, while the prices received index also declined, moving to 18.8 from 36.1. As has been the case for many months, the prices received index remained lower than the prices paid index, indicating that manufacturers have been absorbing a portion of higher costs paid.

Looking ahead, indicators showed expectations for future growth have continued to improve from previous months. After stepping up 3.5 points in August, expectations for future general business activity rose 6.5 points to 31.5 in September. A higher proportion of firms (52.2%) expect increases in activity compared to last month’s reading of 40.5%, though a higher proportion (20.8%) also anticipate activity will decline, compared to last month’s reading of 15.5%. Meanwhile, the future new orders index edged up from 39.2 to 42.4, but the future shipments index weakened from 40.3 to 31.0. The capital expenditures index fell from 38.4 to 12.5. The future prices paid index ticked up from 68.4 to 69.8, and the future prices received index jumped in September from 48.5 to 64.8. Additionally, the index for future employment increased from 12.7 to 23.7.

Industrial production ticked up 0.1% in August, while manufacturing output increased 0.2% after edging down 0.1% in July. At 100.3% of its 2017 average, manufacturing production in August rose just 0.9% from the same month last year. Capacity utilization for manufacturing inched up to 76.8%, up 0.1 percentage point from July and advanced 1.2% over the past year. Capacity utilization remains 1.4 percentage points below its long-term average from 1972 to 2024.

In August, major market groups posted mixed results. Consumer goods production rose 0.4%, while business equipment output dipped 0.1%. The rise in production of consumer durables (up 0.6%) was primarily driven by automotive products’ output growth, advancing 1.3%, while the index for consumer nondurables increased 0.3%, experiencing gains in nearly every category. Among business equipment, the 1.2% drop in the index for industrial and other equipment more than offset the 2.1% and 0.7% rise in the indexes for transit equipment and information processing equipment, respectively. On the other hand, the indexes for construction supplies and materials rose 0.6% and 0.1%, respectively, while the index for business supplies fell 0.4% in August.

Durable goods manufacturing rose 0.2% in August and 1.5% from the year prior. Monthly growth was greatest for motor vehicles and parts (up 2.6%), while furniture and related products and miscellaneous manufacturing posted the largest declines at 1.7% each. Meanwhile, led by a 2.5% boost in textile and product mills output, nondurable goods manufacturing increased 0.3% in August and 0.7% from August 2024.