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Existing home sales increased 3.4% in October and 2.9% from October 2023. Housing inventory rose to 1.37 million units, reflecting a 0.7% increase from September and a 19.1% boost from last year. The median existing home price was $407,200, up 4.0% from last year, with all four U.S. regions reporting price increases.

Single-family home sales rose 3.5% from September, with the median price increasing 4.1% from October 2023 to $412,200. Condo and co-op sales grew 2.7% in October but declined 7.3% from the previous year, with the median price up 1.6% from the prior year to $360,300.

Homes were typically on the market for 29 days in October, up from 28 days in September and 23 days in October 2023. First-time buyers made up 27% of sales, up slightly from 26% in September but down from 28% in October 2023. All-cash sales accounted for 27% of transactions in October, down from 30% in September and 29% a year ago. Meanwhile, investors or second-home buyers represented 17% of homes purchased in October, up from 16% in September and 15% a year ago. Distressed sales represented 2% of purchases in October, unchanged from the previous month and last year.

Building permits fell 0.6% in October and 7.7% over the year. Permits for single-family homes rose 0.5% in October but declined 1.8% over the year. Permits for buildings with five or more units fell 3.0% from September and plummeted 20.9% over the year.

In October, housing starts decreased 3.1% over the month and 4.0% over the year. Additionally, starts for single-family homes fell 6.9% from September but just 0.5% from October 2023. Meanwhile, starts for buildings with five or more units increased 9.8% from September but declined 12.6% over the year.

Housing completions decreased 4.4% from September but jumped 16.8% from October 2023. Single-family home completions fell 1.4% from September and 0.2% over the year. Completions for buildings with five or more units dropped 9.0% over the month but soared an incredible 61.4% from October 2023.

The Conference Board Leading Economic Index for the U.S. fell 0.4% to 99.5 in October, following a 0.3% decline in September. Over the past six months (April to October 2024), the LEI has decreased 2.2%, which is slightly worse than the 2.0% decline in the prior six months (October 2023 to April 2024). Weakness in new factory orders continued to be the most significant drag on the index.

In October, manufacturing hours worked fell by the most since December 2023, while unemployment insurance claims rose and building permits declined, partly due to the impact of hurricanes. In addition, the yield curve inversion continued to weigh on the LEI. On the bright side, the LEI stopped signaling an impending recession in October.

Meanwhile, the Coincident Economic Index was unchanged for a second consecutive month at 112.8 but has increased 0.8% over the past six months. On the other hand, the Lagging Economic Index inched down 0.1% in October to 118.7 and has contracted 0.8% over the past six months, which partially reversed the 1.2% growth over the prior six-month period (October 2023 to April 2024).

The S&P Global Flash U.S. Manufacturing PMI rose slightly from 48.5 in October to 48.8 in November, signaling a deterioration in business conditions for the fifth consecutive month but at the slowest rate since July. Although production fell sharply, all other PMI components moved higher. The rate of loss of new orders eased, and employment rose modestly for the first time in four months.

The improvement in sentiment was notable especially in the manufacturing sector, where optimism struck a 31-month high, adding to suggestions that activity may improve further in the coming months. Respondents also often cited a more business friendly incoming administration as beneficial to the outlook, notably in terms of looser regulation and protection measures, the latter particularly helping boost sentiment in manufacturing. On the other hand, suppliers’ delivery times lengthened to the greatest extent in 25 months, often linked to increased purchasing of imported inputs ahead of potential tariffs.

Manufacturing activity fell slightly in the Tenth District in November, while expectations for future activity rose. The Tenth Federal Reserve District encompasses the western third of Missouri; all of Kansas, Colorado, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Wyoming; and the northern half of New Mexico. The month-over-month decline in activity was driven primarily by nondurable goods falling modestly, particularly paper and petroleum products, while durable goods activity was flat. All month-over-month indexes were mixed, with half slightly negative and half slightly positive.

Both production and new orders fell slightly, while employment stayed steady. Backlog of orders continues to have the lowest reading at -14. The year-over-year composite index for factory activity fell, as employment, supplier delivery time and raw material inventories all fell further. On the other hand, new orders and capital expenditures improved year-over-year but new orders remained negative. The future composite index increased slightly, driven by high expectations for future production and new orders. Employment and capital expenditures are also expected to grow in the next six months.

This month, survey respondents were asked about employment expectations over the next year. About half of firms (52%) expect to leave employment levels unchanged over the next year, while 37% plan to increase employment and 11% expect to decrease. Firms were also asked if they’ve been raising starting wages for new hires. About a quarter of firms (23%) have raised new hires’ wages for most job categories, while 35% have for only select job categories. About another quarter (24%) have not raised new hires’ wages, while 18% of firms surveyed are not actively hiring.

In November, Philadelphia’s regional manufacturing activity softened overall. The index for current general business activity turned negative, falling from 10.3 to -5.5. More than 17% of firms reported increased activity this month, while slightly more than 23% reported decreases and more than 58% reported no change. The indexes for new orders and shipments also decreased but stayed positive. On the other hand, firms reported an increase in employment after reporting mostly steady job gains last month, with the employment index returning to positive territory at 8.6.

Both price indexes edged down but continue to indicate overall increases in prices. The prices paid index declined from 29.7 to 26.6 but remains at an elevated level that reflects the notable portion of firms experiencing higher input costs. The prices received index also fell and remained significantly lower than the prices paid index at 14.3, exhibiting how manufacturers are eating a sizable portion of those higher costs paid.

Looking ahead, most future indicators increased. The index for future general business activity rose markedly to 56.6, indicating growing optimism among firms. A higher proportion of firms still expected increases in activity. Additionally, the future new orders, shipments, capital expenditures and employment indexes also rose. On a more negative note, the future prices paid index increased markedly, but the future prices received rose.

Manufacturers have one last opportunity to express their opinions to the new administration and Congress before they take office: the NAM’s Q4 2024 Manufacturers’ Outlook Survey, which is open until Dec. 4.

“The Outlook Survey is the NAM’s principal means of finding out what manufacturers are experiencing and thinking, and one of the industry’s most potent advocacy tools,” the NAM’s new chief economist, Victoria Bloom, said. Bloom walked us through the survey’s impressive history of influencing policy debates and its particular importance today. 

What it is: The NAM has run its Outlook Survey every quarter for more than 25 years, capturing manufacturers’ opinions on enormous policy shifts and seismic changes in the economy, including the 2017 tax reform and the COVID-19 shutdowns, Bloom said.

• All manufacturers in the NAM’s membership are eligible to take it, making it an unparalleled sampling of industry opinion. Respondents include companies of all sizes and sectors, located across the entire United States.
• The survey is in the field for about two and a half weeks and takes only minutes to complete—you can even do it on your phone. 

Why it matters: Not only will the current survey be the last word from manufacturers before the White House and Congress change hands, but it will help provide clarity on where manufacturers stand in this period of economic uncertainty. It’s crucial for manufacturers to speak up about what they are seeing, Bloom emphasized.

• “We’ve had a lot of muddied economic data lately due to worker strikes and hurricanes, as reflected in the monthly jobs report and industrial production report,” she said. “This has made it more difficult to determine how the industry is actually doing, which is why we need manufacturers to tell us directly.”

Who’s the audience: The NAM’s survey is read—and publicized—by the highest levels of the administration and Congress. To take one example, it had a profound impact during the years following tax reform:

• President Trump cited the Outlook Survey in a 2019 address at the Lima Army Tank Plant, noting manufacturers’ record levels of optimism following the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
• John Thune (R-SD), the incoming Senate majority leader, cited the survey in a 2018 press release, also on the benefits of tax reform.
• Then-Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) cited the survey on the Senate floor in 2018.

What’s in it: The survey asks a few standard questions, including the big one: are manufacturers feeling positive or negative about their company’s outlook?

• The survey also asks manufacturers about the biggest challenges they’re facing. In the Q3 2024 survey, the top concerns included a weaker domestic economy, followed by rising health care costs.
• These standard questions are often followed by questions that pertain to specific policy developments, like the looming expiration of critical tax provisions in 2025, or manufacturers’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The data: The survey’s questions often reveal facts about manufacturers that appear nowhere else.

• For example, Bloom told us, in Q3 2024, respondents as a whole felt most concerned by the weakening state of the economy. However, small and medium-sized manufacturers, when separated out, cited rising health care costs as their top concern.
• “The survey told us rising health care costs have been a more significant challenge for SMMs, which is an important data point for the NAM’s advocacy work,” Bloom said.
• During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the survey was a particularly valuable tool, she added. Amid the chaos of the lockdowns, the NAM was able to survey its members to determine what share of manufacturers were continuing operations in whole, in part or not at all.

The bottom line: “As we will soon have a new administration and a new Congress, manufacturers must speak up—and keep speaking up—about their challenges and concerns,” Bloom concluded.

• “Future Outlook Surveys will cover new developments as they arise, and of course manufacturers will be faced with new challenges and policy threats. If they haven’t already, NAM members should make survey-taking a habit, for the health of our industry.”

If you ask the leaders at Hyzon what kind of company it is, the answer might surprise you. The business, which manufactures “high-performance hydrogen fuel cell systems,” doesn’t consider itself just a manufacturer.

Making things possible: “We are a clean technology company that makes it possible to provide emissions-free power to some of the most difficult applications out there,” said Chief Operating Officer Dr. Bappaditya Banerjee. “It just so happens we are starting with Class 8 and refuse trucks.”

• In September, the Bolingbrook, Illinois–based firm announced the start of production of its single-stack, 200-kilowatt fuel cell systems to power those heavy-duty hydrogen fuel cell trucks. Hyzon is the only U.S. producer of the single-stack 200-kilowatt fuel cell.
• The new system is an upgrade from the 110-kilowatt fuel cell assemblies that Hyzon used in its first-generation vehicles.
• “If we were to put together two 110-kilowatt fuel cells to get to 200 kilowatts, the single-stack system would be 30% lighter than two110-kilowatt systems, as well as 25% cheaper to produce,” Banerjee said.

A differentiator: The company aimed to scale up the power of the engine without also significantly scaling up the size—no easy task. So Hyzon developed a proprietary solution: its hybrid bi-polar plate technology.

• “Most [fuel cell] stacks are either metal or carbon, but ours are hybrid,” Banerjee explained. “By hybrid, we mean that the cathode—where the oxygen comes into the system—is carbon, while the anode side is metal. The carbon side is more corrosion resistant while the metal side is strong, rigid and easier to manufacture, which allows a compact design.”
• “It’s the structure of the plates and the unique 200-kilowatt, single-stack design that allowed us to make it small enough to fit under the hood of a truck,” added Hyzon Vice President of Global Engineering Ravi Desai. “What does this is the design combination of our Membrane Electrode Assembly, the bi-polar plates and the compact balance of plant,” he said, referring to the network of pipes, hoses and fittings necessary for the fuel cell stack to work.

Uses and range: Hyzon offers two different emissions-free, heavy-duty vehicle types for industrial and commercial use, including a refuse collection truck. The models boast driving ranges comparable to those of diesel-powered trucks.

• The Heavy Duty Class 8 Fuel Cell trucks can typically go 350 miles from full storage tanks to empty, while the Fuel Cell garbage trucks can do a full day of work (at least 1,200 trash bin lifts and 125 miles of driving range) on a full tank.
• The trucks take about 15 to 20 minutes to refuel with a fast-fill dispenser at 350 bar, the pressure of the hydrogen gas needed to fill the trucks.

A challenge: In the U.S., the only publicly available hydrogen fuel refilling stations are in California, restricting widespread adoption for now. Meanwhile, the cost of filling up can be high.

• To support the construction of stations around the country and lower prices, the Biden administration announced $7 billion in funding last year for regional clean hydrogen “hubs.”
• In addition, the Inflation Reduction Act created the 45V hydrogen production tax credit, designed to help jumpstart scalable and sustainable domestic hydrogen fuel production.
• The credit is not yet available to companies, however, as the administration works to issue final regulatory guidance. The NAM has worked tirelessly to ensure this guidance is as broad, flexible and fair as possible.

Good for everyone: Hyzon doesn’t want to be the only player in the hydrogen ecosystem. On the contrary, it welcomes competition for the good of consumers and the industry.

• “The number of people who have been able to provide something useful [in transportation] using hydrogen is so limited that the more of us who succeed, the more it allows for hydrogen to become a normal part of our infrastructure,” said Banerjee. “A rising tide lifts all boats.”

The NAM co-hosted the 2024 North American Manufacturing Conference on Tuesday and Wednesday in Ottawa, Canada, along with the Canadian Manufacturers & Exporters and the Confederation of Industrial Chambers of Mexico. This year’s conference kicks off the NAM’s advocacy push ahead of the expected review of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement.

Well-timed: The conference was timely, as President-elect Trump on Wednesday night announced his nomination of former U.S. Rep. Pete Hoekstra (R-MI) as the next U.S. ambassador to Canada—and touted the USMCA.

• Said NAM President and CEO Jay Timmons following the news: “We appreciate [President-elect Trump]’s foresight in prioritizing the U.S.–Canadian relationship and negotiating the USMCA, a trade deal that has been essential to the strength and success of manufacturing across North America. We look forward to working with [Hoekstra] as the next U.S. ambassador to Canada.”
• The conference also came just a day before significant news from Mexico: that its lower house of Congress approved a spate of constitutional reforms proposed earlier this year by former President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
• Some of the reforms—which include the dismantling of several independent public regulatory agencies and restrictions on U.S. participation in the energy sector—appear to violate Mexico’s obligations under the USMCA.

“A crucial moment”: “[T]his conference is happening at … a crucial moment,” Timmons told event attendees on Tuesday. “We need to be clear-eyed about what we’re up against as we forge a more resilient and stronger North American manufacturing economy. Our associations and companies are at the vanguard. It will be up to us to make the case for vibrant economic ties and trade between our countries.”

Strong trade ties needed: The USMCA was a main topic at the conference, which consisted of multiple panel discussions and fireside chats with officials, experts and journalists from the U.S., Mexico and Canada.

• In talks on Tuesday with reporters from CNN and Canada’s Globe and Mail, Timmons highlighted the results of a recent joint NAM–CME-CONCAMIN survey. It found that “86% of [North American] manufacturers expressed strong support for extending the CUSMA/USMCA/T-MEC agreement when it comes up for review.”
• The conference’s panel events focused on different aspects of the USMCA. Speakers on one panel talked about key opportunities and challenges for the agreement in a shifting global landscape, while those on another keyed in on the effectiveness of the USMCA four years after its inception.

Speaker list: Event speakers included ExxonMobil Senior Vice President and NAM Executive Committee member Neil Chapman, U.S. Department of State Acting Assistant Secretary of Economic and Business Affairs Amy Holman, CONCAMIN President Alejandro Malagón Barragán, Canadian Minister of Innovation François-Philippe Champagne, CEMEX Vice President of Corporate Affairs Carlos Garza Galán, veteran POLITICO reporter Doug Palmer and many others.

• NAM Vice President of International Policy Andrea Durkin moderated a panel on the USMCA review. It featured Martinrea International Executive Chairman and Co-Founder Rob Wildeboer, 3M Government Affairs Head for the United States and Canada Elise Maheu and Xignux Public Affairs and Institutional Relations Director for the United States Iván Rivas.
• “The review is a novel mechanism in a trade agreement,” Durkin said after the conference. “Manufacturers in North America base their long-term plans on the benefits of the USMCA. They want the three governments to avoid a scenario that creates significant business uncertainty.”

Ministerial meetings: Timmons—who appeared Wednesday on CBC News’ “Power & Politics” to discuss the likely impact of the U.S. elections on North American trade—also spoke one-on-one to Canadian Minister of Labor and Seniors Steven MacKinnon and Minister of Energy Jonathan Wilkinson.

• Timmons thanked MacKinnon for the Canadian government’s intervention in the recent bicoastal Canadian port strikes, which reopened the points of entry, as well as his intervention to end a rail stoppage in the country.
• In his discussion with Wilkinson, Timmons told the energy minister the U.S. and Canada should “build cross-border relationships” to share access to critical minerals and materials including copper, lithium, uranium and graphite.

The final say: “North America’s integrated manufacturing system is the envy of the world,” Timmons said at the event. “We hold a competitive edge globally—and we can keep it if our governments stay true to the commitments set forth in the USMCA.”

“$80 billion is given away every year in state and local incentives,” according to Atlas Insight Managing Partner Brian Corde. “Plus, the Biden administration has added $455 billion just in federal grants.”

In this investment landscape, manufacturers need all the help they can get finding, applying for and complying with these incentive programs. Atlas Insight, the NAM’s partner for its Incentives Locator, walks companies through this entire complicated process.

Last week, we talked to Corde and Kathy Mussio, Atlas’s other managing partner, about how companies select their new sites. This week, we’ve asked them what manufacturers need to know about incentives.

How do incentives work? Incentives come in two forms, Corde and Mussio explained. First is the type you automatically qualify for if you meet the requirements, known as statutory or as-of-right incentives.

• The second is the type that Atlas lends its expertise to—discretionary incentives. These programs offer funds and other pools of money that require business cases, negotiation, applications, and later, proof that a company has met its stated obligations (also known as compliance).
• These programs can take many forms. As Mussio put it, “Some states have programs that offer cash to help close the financial gap between two competing locations or increase a project’s ROI—helping to make a location more competitive in the financial analysis.”
• There are many, many incentives out there, the Atlas partners told us, and the most important steps are understanding which ones a company may be eligible for and helping clients quantify the potential savings.

What if you’re staying put? These incentives aren’t just for new facilities, Corde and Mussio emphasized. “A majority of incentives are given to companies staying in place,” Corde added.

• Companies can take a lot of actions to qualify for incentives—expand their workforces, buy new equipment, train workers in new technologies or add square footage for new production lines.
• “It’s our job to help NAM members identify their projects that could use incentives. Then we benchmark the incentives, then negotiate on the companies’ behalf, then lock the incentives down with the state or city,” Corde said.

What’s benchmarking? Atlas compares incentive offers from states and localities with the incentives awards that similar companies have received in the past, another way to help ensure that their clients get the best possible deals. There’s always room for negotiation, the partners say.

• Atlas keeps two databases: the first, a listing of all the incentives that exist on the federal, state and local levels, along with all the necessary forms, key contacts and any other requirements. The second database is a list of what other companies have received for similar types of projects.
• This allows Atlas to identify the typical dollar range that an incentive should provide—so a company knows whether it has been offered a good deal, and whether it should negotiate, or even go elsewhere.

How do you get the money? After companies successfully secure an incentive award, they must follow compliance schedules to ensure they keep receiving the funds as project milestones are met, while also retaining documentation in case of audit.

• The government offering the incentive typically requires filings to verify how many employees were hired, the wages they earned, even the employers’ contributions to health insurance premiums.

A lot to lose: “We are being conservative when we say that 50% of incentives awarded never pay out,” Corde said, all because companies fail to fulfill compliance requirements.

How can Atlas help? Atlas creates a “holistic incentive management for its clients, for the entire life of the incentive,” so that companies actually receive their money, the partners explained. It even helps with old incentives that remain incompletely documented.

• “When we retained Atlas, it enabled us to bring several one-off incentive agreements around the U.S. into a centralized process,” said a Schneider Electric spokesperson. “That made it so much easier for us to document our part of the expansion agreements and collect the incentives we were owed. Plus, their performance-based fee for this process has been best in class.”

How to get started: The NAM Incentives Locator is a service for NAM members, which provides a complimentary initial assessment call and preferred rates on contracted services, including an exclusive success-based fee schedule.

• Atlas is often “only paid for successful outcomes, either a confirmation letter or when the company receives the money over time. We will help you be successful and then benefit once you are,” said Corde.

The bottom line: “You need to have a strategy to go after these incentives, because your competitors are.”